Cysts are noncancerous sacs that contain fluid or semi-solid material and develop beneath the skin’s surface. They typically originate from obstructed hair follicles or oil glands, and are most frequently seen in areas rich in oil-producing glands, such as the face, scalp, neck, chest, and back.
In most cases, cysts enlarge gradually, cause no discomfort, and do not pose a health risk. Complications can occur, however, if a cyst ruptures or becomes infected, leading to inflammation, pain, or tenderness. In some instances, a cyst may open and drain spontaneously, whereas others persist and require medical management or surgical removal.
Signs & Symptoms
Identifying cysts early helps prevent complications and ensures appropriate care. Cysts can be readily identified, with signs and symptoms that may include:
- Firm, dome-shaped lumps beneath the skin, often with a visible punctum (dark opening) where the cyst originates.
- They are most commonly found on the scalp, face, back, chest, and neck, but may appear anywhere on the body with sebaceous glands.
- Usually painless and mobile beneath the skin. When inflamed, they may become red, swollen, or tender.
- Cysts may stay stable in size, enlarge gradually, or become irritated. Without treatment, they rarely resolve completely on their own.
Causes of Cysts
Cysts can form due to:
- Blocked hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands
- Overproduction of keratin or oil in the skin
- Trauma or injury to the skin
- Hormonal influences or genetic predisposition
Most cysts are benign and not associated with cancer. However, any new or changing lump should be evaluated by a dermatologist to rule out other conditions. Schedule your cyst consultation with the team at ProDerm Skin & Surgery today for a thorough evaluation.
Treatment Options
At ProDerm Skin & Surgery, we tailor cyst management to each patient’s unique skin needs. Options may include:
- Observation: For small, asymptomatic cysts, monitoring may be sufficient.
- Injections: Corticosteroid injections may reduce inflammation and discomfort.
- Incision & Drainage: Provides temporary relief for inflamed or infected cysts.
- Surgical Excision: Complete removal of the cyst and sac wall to prevent recurrence.
When fully excised, recurrence is uncommon. However, patients may develop new cysts in other locations over time.