Molluscum Contagiosum is an infectious skin condition caused by a poxvirus that leads to the appearance of small, firm, rounded bumps on the surface of the skin. These growths are typically flesh-colored or pink and often feature a distinct central indentation, sometimes described as a “dimple” or “plug.” The bumps can occur singly or in clusters and are most frequently found on the trunk, arms, legs, and occasionally the genital area.
Although the infection is benign and not dangerous to overall health, it is highly contagious. The virus spreads easily through direct skin-to-skin contact, as well as by sharing towels, clothing, gym equipment, or other personal items. Children commonly contract molluscum during play, but it can also affect adults, particularly through close physical or sexual contact. In people with weakened immune systems, the condition may be more widespread and persistent.
Without treatment, molluscum contagiosum may linger for several months to several years before the body’s immune system clears the infection naturally. However, during this time, new lesions may continue to appear, and the risk of passing the virus to others remains. For this reason, many patients seek care not only to speed up resolution but also to reduce transmission and improve comfort.
Management may include a range of approaches—such as topical therapies, cryotherapy (freezing), curettage (gentle removal), or other minor in-office procedures—depending on the number, size, and location of lesions. In some cases, careful observation is sufficient, especially in children, since the bumps often resolve spontaneously.
Signs & Symptoms
- Pearly, skin-colored or pink bumps, often with a central indentation. They may appear individually or in small clusters.
- In children, lesions are common on the face, neck, arms, and trunk. In adults, they can often occur in the genital region, inner thighs, or lower abdomen.
- Molluscum is typically painless, but can present with itchiness or mild irritation.
- Lesions may remain for 6–12 months (or sometimes longer if left untreated) and can increase in number or size over time.
Causes & Risk Factors
Molluscum is caused by the Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV), which is part of the poxvirus family. It spreads through:
- Direct skin-to-skin contact
- Shared personal items (towels, razors, gym equipment)
- Sexual contact (in adults)
People at higher risk include children, those with eczema, individuals with weakened immune systems, and sexually active adults. Stratching can inflame and irritate, while also increasing contagiousness.
Treatment Options
While molluscum can resolve on its own, treatment may be recommended to prevent spread, reduce irritation, and address cosmetic concerns.
Treatment options may include:
- Observation: Some patients may only need monitoring, as lesions can resolve naturally.
- Topical Medications: Prescription creams to stimulate the immune system or target viral lesions.
- Cryosurgery: Freezing lesions with liquid nitrogen to remove them safely.
- Other In-Office Procedures: In select cases, methods like curettage may be used.
Multiple treatments may be necessary, as new bumps can develop even after others are treated.
Prevention Tips
To reduce spread:
- Avoid scratching lesions
- Keep affected areas covered when possible
- Do not share towels, razors, or clothing
- In adults, use protection and avoid sexual contact until lesions are cleared